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Carcinogenic and endocrine disrupting effects of cigarette smoke and risk of breast cancer 

Volume 360, Number 9339     05 October 2002 / Lancet 2002; 360: 1044-49
Jump to full article: The Lancet, 2002-10-03
Author: Pierre R Band, Nhu D Le, Raymond Fang, Michèle Deschamps

Intro:

Interpretation Our results suggest that cigarette smoke exerts a dual action on the breast, with different effects in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Our observations reinforce the importance of smoking prevention, especially in early adolescence, and draw attention to the timing of exposure in relation to susceptibility and refractory windows in the design of studies to investigate associations between environmental carcinogens or putative endocrine disruptors and risk of breast cancer.

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