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Tobacco News November 22, 1995
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Contents:
LOCAL
INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL: Student Smoker Lung Cancer Epidemic?
SHALALA ACCOMMODATES RABIN
PALESTINE: PLO Assumes Tobacco Duties
SOCIETY/THE MEDIA/ARTS
NERVOUS CBS AXES 60" TOBACCO REPORT
"60 MINUTES" CAULDRON ROILING
KNIGHT-RIDDER ISSUES CIG AD GUIDELINES
ARTISTS PROTEST PHILIP MORRIS SPONSORSHIP
NEW WEB SITES
THE FUNNY PAGES
LOCAL
NOVEMBER ELECTION RESULTS
November 5, 1995. These tobacco-oriented issues were settled in Tuesday's elections:
KENTUCKY: Tobacco Wins, Loses
Democratic lieutenant governor Paul Patton ("a different kind of Democrat") won a narrow victory over Republican businessman Larry Forgy.
Both candidates were pro-tobacco. Kentucky is the second-largest tobacco-growing state in the nation.
Patton had declared, "Let's say no to Newt, no to Dole, no to demagoguery, no to radicalism," but had vowed to abandon Clinton in '96 if the President continues to push for smoking regulations.
Forgy had stated, "Burley tobacco, in my judgment, has never had a more serious enemy than William Jefferson Clinton."
OHIO: Tobacco Tax for Football
Cuyahoga County residents voted overwhelmingly to extend for 10 years a tax on tobacco and alcohol, in order to pay for much-needed renovations of Cleveland Municipal Stadium. The fund-raising was a last-ditch attempt to keep the Browns football team in Cleveland. But Browns owner Art Modell, who announced Monday he was moving the team to Baltimore, said the effort was too little, too late: "The bridge is down, burned, disappeared. . . There's not even a canoe there for me."
The tax had been approved in 1990 to help pay for new baseball and basketball facilities; it had been due to expire in 2006. It adds 16 cents to a gallon of wine, and about 9 cents to a pack of cigarettes.
The 72% who approved the ban are hoping the show of dedication and funds will help lure another football team to Cleveland.
SAN FRANCISCO: "Marlboro Man" vs. "Bare Jordan"
In the seven-way race for San Francisco Mayor, ex-State Assembly speaker Willie Brown, known as "the Marlboro Man" for his previous unwavering support of tobacco interests, gained 34.4% of the vote; his opponent, incumbent mayor Frank Jordan, gained 32.4%. Since neither received 50% of the vote, a December runoff-election will be held.
The powerful Brown's tobacco ties are an issue in the campaign; Jordan had posed semi-bare with two radio disk jockeys to demonstrate he was the "squeaky clean" candidate.
The distant third, openly-lesbian Roberta Achtenberg, threw her support to Brown.
PM REFUSING TO ACT ON RETAILERS, AG CLAIMS
October 24, 1995. Last June, Philip Morris announced its "Action against Access" program, and said in full page ads, "we will deny merchandising and participation in our retail incentive program to stores which are fined for or convicted of selling cigarettes to minors."
But Minnesota Attorney General Hubert Humphrey III claimed today that, "It now appears this promise was made without any plan for serious implementation."
Humphrey's charge grows out of a sting operation this summer in which 17 Minnesota stores were caught selling tobacco to minors. In July, a tobacco control group sent violation reports to Philip Morris; PM responded that it needed more proof.
So Humphrey sent police records on 15 of the stores to PM, and called on the company to discipline them. "Anything less than meaningful, decisive action against these violators would tell the American public that the promises made to them four months ago in 'Action Against Access' were made strictly for publicity purposes," he wrote.
PM spokesperson Ellen Merlo responded, "What we announced was our intention to go forward. We didn't say starting today." She said the company had to wait to take action until new yearly contracts specifying the penalty were signed, and until PM found a way to collect verifiable reports from a single official in each state.
"In the middle of a contract, we can't just change the rules," Merlo told USA Today. "At the very least, we have to wait until the beginning of 1996."
Merlo said PM would warn the 15 retailers--one of which has told police he'll no longer sell cigarettes at all.
PM offers monthly cash premiums to retailers who give their displays prominence. It is these payments that would apparently be penalized.
Last year, PM threatened to cut off its retailers entirely when sales of contraband Marlboros threatened its "Country Store" promotion.
From the Tobacco BBS:
FOR-EXPORT MARLBOROS FOIL "COUNTRY STORE" PROMOTION
New York, NY May 13, 1994. Maria Mooshil of Dow Jones reports that Philip Morris is getting tough with retailers who sell for-export versions of their products.
Reports of the misdirection of cigarettes intended for export mainly concern the Marlboro brand, possibly because of customer complaints, because such packages do not carry the proper seal for PM's popular "Marlboro Country Store" promotion, whereby smokers trade coupons from cigarette packs for articles of clothing.
More important for federal and local governments is the possibility that such brands may not have been properly taxed.
Mooshil reports that Philip Morris has begun warning retailers they will be cut off from Philip Morris products if they knowingly accept and sell such for-export packs.
"We offer a promotion for certain reasons--to build loyalty and continuity of sales," said Karen Daragan of Philip Morris. "If consumers are unable to take advantage of a promotion we put out, it defeats the purpose of the promotion."
Philip Morris says it has received a "limited" number of complaints from customers. There is no indication the problem is more than sporadic and concentrated mainly in the Northeast.
The contraband cigarettes are identifiable by the lack of a "Country Store" bar code, and the presence of a tax-exempt stamp. In addition, the warning label is prefaced by "U.S. Surgeon General's" warning rather than the domestic "Surgeon General's" warning.
INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL: Student Smoker Lung Cancer Epidemic?
Jerusalem, Israel. November 4, 1995. 12 yeshiva students--all smokers, and some as young as 16--have died of lung cancer in the last 2 months, according to an extraordinary article in the international edition of the Jerusalem Post
The page 5 article says little else about the unlikely phenomenon, except to state that "The Rafeh (Medicine According to Halacha) organization has circulated a memo to all yeshivot, listing the names of the students who have died and the cause of death, and warning about the dangers of smoking." Also, an official of the Rafeh will call an urgent conference of yeshiva heads to address how to discourage smoking among the students.
While we're in Israel, in memory of peace-maker Yitzhak Rabin, this from Tobacco News of November, 1994:
SHALALA ACCOMMODATES RABIN
November 21, 1994. The front page of the New York Times on Oct. 18, 1994 featured a picture of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin of Israel cadging a light off King Hussein of Jordan after they had agreed to their historic peace accord. Word had it the two would commiserate together about the no-smoking rule in the White House.
One can only imagine Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala's feelings upon being seated next to the smoking Mr. Rabin at a dinner in honor of Secretary of State Warren Christopher Sunday night.
Mr. Rabin was the only guest who smoked, but Ms. Shalala, who is "vehemently opposed to smoking," according to a N. Y. Times article on the event, did not say anything.
Later she said, "I've sacrificed my principles and health for Middle East peace."
PALESTINE: PLO Assumes Tobacco Duties
Jerusalem, Israel. November 18, 1995. The Mid-East peace process will have immediate effects on US tobacco companies--they will have to make new business contacts with the PLO and Palestinian businesses in order to sell their products in Palestine, according to an article in Reuters. The PLO has announced that the Palestinian Authority will take over the import and distribution of foreign cigarettes in self-rule areas.
Foreign cigarettes have previously been handled by Israel--which also collected the taxes. The new measure takes effect Jan. 1, 1996, and will allow the newly-created Palestinian Tobacco Authority to collect "the maximum tax revenues, protecting Palestinian tobacco importers, distributors and producers, and giving the private sector the chance to expand," according to PTA head Khaled Salam. Salam is also PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat's economic adviser.
Salam told Reuters Palestine is expected to consume 3.68 billion cigarette units in 1996, 32.3% of which would be foreign cigarettes. Annual tax revenues are expected to reach $180-200 million.
The PTA will soon introduce regulations and licensing restrictions for retailers who sell foreign cigarettes. In addition, cigarette health warnings will be in Arabic, rather than Hebrew. Anti-smuggling brigades will be formed, according to Reuters.
Salam says Israel still owes the Palestinian Authority tobacco taxes from October 1994-October 1995--taxes the Israeli state had promised to return in the 1993 PLO-Israel economic agreement.
-----------------------------------------------------------------SOCIETY/THE MEDIA/ARTS
NERVOUS CBS AXES 60" TOBACCO REPORT
New York, NY. November 9, 1995. The prospect of "staring down a gun" of a tobacco industry lawsuit has convinced CBS lawyers to squelch a story which had been prepared for this Sunday's "60 minutes" news program, according to the New York Times. The report sent shockwaves through the news media.
The CBS segment, an interview with a former tobacco industry executive, was axed on the advice of CBS lawyers who feared a lawsuit might be brought for "tortious interference," or inducing a person to break a contract.
At the heart of the lawyers' fear is the agreement the executive signed with tobacco company Brown & Williamson not to disclose internal information.
Media lawyers couldn't recall a case of tortious interference being won against a news organization--one lawyer quoted in the Times called it "a truly eccentric argument"-- but even so, fear of the kind of massive lawsuit brought by Philip Morris last year against ABC--which could well be filed in a tobacco state, where juries could have relatives in the business--convinced CBS lawyers of the better part of valor.
"We have a story that we think is solid," the story's executive producer Don Hewitt said at a National Press Club last month. "We don't think anybody could ever sue us for libel. There are some twists and turns, and if you get in front of a jury in some states where the people on that jury are all related to people who work in tobacco companies, look out. That's a $15 billion gun pointed at your head. We may opt to get out of the line of fire. That doesn't make me proud, but it's not my money. I don't have $15 billion, That's Larry Tisch."
Correspondent Mike Wallace told the Times it was the ABC lawsuit which spooked CBS's lawyers. "The ABC lawsuit did not chill us as journalists from doing the story," he said. "It did chill the lawyers, who with diligence, had to say, `We don't want to, in effect, risk putting the company out of business."'
Both Wallace and Hewitt said they supported CBS's decision. `We just knew that ABC had looked into the barrel of a gun," Hewitt said.
In fact, Hewitt claims the replacement is a better story--" the lengths tobacco companies will go to keep you from knowing what they know."' Wallace said the story will "open a lot of eyes."
AP reports, however, that segment producer Lowell Bergman said the decision was "not a good one for the First Amendment."
A replacement report will still concern the tobacco industry and the methods it uses to keep information from getting out, will still focus on Brown & Williamson, and will even include an interview with the executive. However, the executive will be heavily disguised, and will only discuss death threats he said he received when he alerted others of his intentions to reveal company procedures.
Earlier this week (Monday, November 4), Fox TV's "A Current Affair" aired a report in which RJ Reynolds cigarette booth personnel were filmed giving packs of cigarettes to two underage girls at an auto race in North Carolina.
Reynolds responded by revealing, just before the report aired, a new set of procedures for the distribution of samples.
ABC-TV's Nightline program--anchored by Forrest Sawyer, the same reporter who anchored ABC's Day One focused on perceived intimidation of the news media, and addressed these other issues:
Both ABC and CBS were involved in high-risk mergers; ABC's Capitol Cities had just been acquired by Disney, and Westinghouse Electric Corp. has just announced a merger with CBS--shareholders will vote on that $5.4 billion merger next week. No one wants a multi-billion dollar lawsuit on their books at such a time.
ABC seemed to know who the executive is. ABC talked about the CBS president's order "to drop an interview with a former tobacco company official known to be harshly critical of the tobacco business."
One person said he believed CBS withheld the report not out of fear of a lawsuit, but fear of the loss of advertising revenue from the highly diversified companies like Philip Morris or RJ Reynolds.
Sawyer claimed ABC (or Nightline, it was unclear what Sawyer meant by "we") had examined tobacco coverage in evening newscasts in the period immediately before the Philip Morris lawsuit was announced and immediately after. ABC found that tobacco issues were addressed an average of 29 minutes before, and about 7 minutes after.
Chris Bury said, "The irony is Brown & Williamson, the tobacco company, apparently never even threatened a lawsuit. They didn't have to."
Jonathan Alter of Newsweek said, "No court anywhere has declared that a news organization violates the law when somebody breaks a contract and talks to them."
The Tisch/CBS/Lorillard connection was pointed out, and deplored by Congressman Henry Waxman.
Laurence Tisch, 71, is co-chairman of Loews Corp., the Tisch family holding company that controls the biggest block of shares (18%) in CBS Inc. Tisch is also CBS's chairman and chief executive.
Loews also has holdings in insurance, entertainment, oil tankers and drilling equipment, Bulova watches, and tobacco.
Andrew Tisch recently stepped down as chairman and chief executive of the Loews' tobacco subsidiary Lorillard Inc. He was one of 7 executives to testify about the tobacco industry before Congress in April, 1994.
Lorillard accounts for about 11 percent of Loews earnings.
At the 1993 Loews Corporation shareholder meeting, Joe Cherner of Smokefree Educational addressed Mr. Tisch, saying, "Everyone here knows that you gave $50 million to New York University hospital. It even changed its name to Tisch Hospital. This is the first time in the history of philanthropy that one man has been responsible for the patients, the insurance, and the hospital."
"60 MINUTES" CAULDRON ROILING
New York, NY. November 17, 1995. Today's New York Daily News featured a Page One report on a transcript of the hot-potato "60 Minutes" interview with a former tobacco company executive--whom the article names. In other papers, the executive's tangled financial and legal relationship with CBS has come under sharp scrutiny by writers at the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times.
All this while media observers continue to castigate CBS for corporate cowardice, and reports mount of dropped tobacco items--from Time Magazine (which never covered the ABC apology to Philip Morris), from the New York Times (which has reportedly dropped two recent stories on tobacco marketing to kids, and is questioning the continued coverage of tobacco issues by 6-year veteran health reporter Philip J. Hilts), from the Robert Wood Johnson foundation (which just denied approval of a $6 million tobacco documentary), and from a California CBS-affiliate TV station--which after a brief hiccup of nerve, has now said it will run an anti-tobacco commercial.
WIGAND
Joe Calderone's Daily News article comes amid reports that angry CBS employees had previously leaked the name of the executive's company (Brown & Williamson). Now Calderone claims that the executive is Jeffrey Wigand, a former vice president of research and development who had been fired from his $300,000-a-year job in 1993.
According to the Daily News article, Wigand apparently told CBS that Brown & Williamson scrapped the idea of making a less inflammatory cigarette for fear of increased liability, and had also left in its pipe tobacco an additive that it knew caused cancer in lab mice.
Upon being informed the News had the CBS transcript, Wigand himself reportedly said, "You got it? Have fun with it. Read it, and do what you like with it. I just have no comment."
Other points reportedly contained in the interview:
Wigand, a biochemist, had been hired by B&W in 1989, and put in charge of developing a safer cigarette; eventually, Wigand claims, B&W CEO Thomas Sandefur scrapped the project, and told him, ""If we pursue a safer cigaret, it would put us at extreme exposure with every other product. I don't want to hear about it anymore."
Wigand said B&W lawyers altered documents to hide the fact the company had been working on a safer cigarette.
Wigand said he had testified to a federal grand jury looking into the accusation that tobacco executives had perjured themselves when they testified before Congress in April of 1994. Wigand said in the interview, "I believe he (Sandefur) perjured himself" when the he told Congress that he did not believe cigarettes were addictive.
Once Wigand had told B&W of his contact with the Justice Department, he said he received two threatening phone calls. One said, "Don't mess with tobacco," and the second, apparently from the same person, warned him to "leave tobacco alone or else you'll find those kids [his children] hurt. They're pretty girls now."
Wigand said the company continued to use the chemical Coumarin--at "a hundredfold the safety level"--even after it knew it caused liver tumors in mice. "I was told it would affect sales, and I was to mind my own business," he said.
(Coumarin is a naturally-occurring chemical which was used to give the pipe tobacco a vanilla flavor, according to the Daily News article. Calderone wrote the tobacco industry had promised to remove the chemical in the 60s, but it was still being used as late as 1992.)
Wigand has been in the news before, if not in this country. He actually went public--or perhaps was taken public--this summer in England, and gained fame as the highest-level tobacco insider yet to defect from the industry.
In August, a British anti-tobacco group, the Association for Nonsmokers' Rights, presented a court affidavit, which was apparently from a Massachusetts lawsuit against Philip Morris over the deaths of a family of five in a fire reportedly started by a Marlboro cigarette.
"The technology to develop a cigarette with a significantly reduced ignition propensity has been available for at least 30 years. . . " the affidavit reportedly reads. "For any manufacturer to produce a cigarette with a reduced ignition propensity would be a simple matter."
One British paper said a copy of the affidavit, and further information could be had by contacting Mr. Whidden of the ANSR in Edinburgh at 0131 557 3139 or by fax at 0131 557 5055. (Apparently the affadavit was never introduced in court, as B&W was able to convince the Mass. judge that Wigand would break his confidentiality agreement by testifying in that case.)
CBS AND THE EXECUTIVE
The Wall Street Journal's Alix Freedman, Elizabeth Jensen, and Amy Stevens reported on heretofore unnoted considerations CBS took into account in squelching the interview--considerations centering on how much money or favors had changed hands, and what promises CBS had made to "indemnify" The Executive (as we shall know him for now, as the Daily News story is unconfirmed) against a B&W legal action.
Last year, The executive had been paid $12,000 as a consultant for a 60 Minutes story on fire-safe cigarettes.
In June, The Executive had asked for--and received--an agreement that CBS would indemnify him for any libel actions resulting from the upcoming program. Sources differ on whether this is a common practice or not, but the WSJ writers argued that such an indemnity, combined with a previous substantial payment, could be seen by some juries as a kind of inducement for The Executive to break his contract, i.e., "tortious interference."
Even so, all was proceeding smoothly until The Executive asked CBS to additionally indemnify him for breaking his non-disclosure pact with B&W, and that is when, by some accounts, the red alert lights began flashing in the offices of CBS' lawyers.
Finally, The Executive had required that the interview not be aired until he gave his permission; he never gave it. In fact, the WSJ article avers, in August The Executive's lawyer sent a memo to CBS, pointing out that The Executive had still not approved the interview, and would consider any mention of him to be an agreement that CBS was willing to pay any resulting legal costs--"and not merely for defamation."
UPDATES:
Mike Wallace had told Newsday, "I believe management was wrong . . . we don't own the facilities, the TV towers, the camera. . . . I think if this were to happen again - no, I know if this were to happen again, I would quit."
Wallace apparently told the WSJ that knowing about the indemnification agreement does not change his view that killing the segment was a free-press issue. "What is the sanctity of a contract when that contract hides information from the American public that deals directly with the health of American citizens?"
CBS Evening News anchor Dan Rather told radio host Don Imus that a lawsuit "wouldn't cost as much as it's going to cost us if we get a reputation for folding every time somebody threatens us."
Scott Williams of the AP reports that this brouhaha--coming so close on the shareholders' vote to approve Westinghouse's purchase of CBS--has made "The Westinghouse people . . . absolutely livid."
CBS tangled with Brown & Williamson once before, and lost. In 1981, B&W had sued a local Chicago station when an anchor accused the company of trying to get kids to smoke by associating cigarettes with "pot, wine, beer and sex." In 1988, a federal court ordered CBS to pay B&W $3.050 million for "deliberate" falsehoods contained in the anchor's commentary.
The most momentous "tortious interference" case ultimately drove Texaco into bankruptcy in 1987, after that company lost a $10.5 billion verdict for breaking up a merger deal between Getty Oil and Pennzoil Co.
Nielsen Media Research data reveals that Sunday's 60 Minutes show drew its largest audience so far this season, and was CBS's top-ranked program for the week.
LATE BREAKING NEWS:
An anonymous CBS producer confirmed the Daily News reports are accurate.
Brown & Williamson has warned CBS that the network will be held responsible for any libel contained in the transcript, and a spokesperson said, "it now appears that CBS deliberately induced a former B&W employee, Jeff Wigand, to break his confidentiality agreement with Brown & Williamson."
On learning the Daily News revelations, "60 Minutes" correspondent Morley Safer said he'd been "sandbagged" and left "twisting slowly in the wind" by people who "deliberately suppressed" information when he appeared on the Charlie Rose show to protest the cancellation of the segment. He apologized to Rose, Rose's audience, and the CBS lawyers.
Wigand may yet get to tell his story. He was subpoenaed Friday by Mississippi's Attorney General to provide evidence in Mississippi's Medicaid lawsuit, and to turn over any documents that might show B&W sought to conceal research on the harmful effects of smoking.
"Dr. Wigand is a very heroic individual who is willing to testify against the tobacco companies," said A-G Mike Moore, "but needed the protection of a subpoena and the judicial process to allow him to do so."
KNIGHT-RIDDER ISSUES CIG AD GUIDELINES
November 14, 1995. Under pressure from a shareholder group, newspaper giant Knight-Ridder has issued guidelines for accepting cigarette ads. The guidelines, which are not mandatory, were sent October 13 to K-R's 26 newspapers. The guidelines recommend refusing ads that:
Feature cartoon characters
Depict children or teens
Associate smoking with good health, beauty, sexual attractiveness, success or social distinction.
Use catchy phrases like, "cool," or "alive with pleasure.
Offer free samples.
The guidelines also recommend not placing cigarette ads in sections targeted to children or teens.
K-R recommended its chain of newspapers alert its outside suppliers (providers of the Sunday supplement Parade Magazine, or coupon inserts) about the guidelines.
The guidelines came about through pressure from the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility, a group which controls $50 billion of investment monies from 275 religious groups.
ICCR had placed the resolution at shareholder meetings in 1994 and 1995; it had been defeated both times, but ICCR's support grew from 4% in 1994 to 14% in 1995, and the resolutions prompted management to look at the issue.
Among K-R's 26 newspapers are major dailies like the Miami Herald and the Philadelphia Inquirer. Last year, K-R reportedly took in less than $10 million from tobacco advertising.
Newspapers are not a big marketing venue for cigarette companies. Of the $6 billion spent by the industry on marketing in 1993, only $36 million went to newspapers; $235 million went to magazines, and that figure is growing.
It has been 2 years since the Seattle Times drew harch criticism from the newspaper industry for refusing all tobacco ads--the largest US newspaper to do so.
Now, K-R's guidelines could have a snowball effect. Ten years ago, ICCR was successful in convincing many companies to divest their interests in South Africa. This is ICCR's first major victory on the tobacco issue, and the group is now exerting pressure on the Gannett chain--the largest chain of newspapers in the world--and on Time Warner, publisher of People and Sports Illustrated. The Wall Street Journal reports that Time Warner has requested a copy of the K-R guidelines.
ICCR's Tim Smith told the Miami Herald, "The Knight-Ridder decision opens the door for this debate . . . And it tells people that management does pay attention to its owners."
K-R president John Fontaine said, "We did some research and concluded that, while we believe in defending the rights of a legal company to advertise, we also are concerned about health and youth. That led us to the idea of establishing guidelines that allow each paper to make local decisions."
Maura Ellis spokesperson for R.J. Reynolds, said that the FTC had studied the controversy surrounding Joe Camel, and had decided not to issue a complaint. "It's difficult for me to understand why Knight-Ridder would recommend something like this given the FTC's recommendation," she said.
The FTC's decision, however, was not that cut-and-dried. Under pressure from health groups, the attorneys-general of 26 states, and its own staff, the FTC last year did indeed look at the Joe Camel ads to see if they unfairly targeted kids, and The Commissioners did vote 3-2 not to issue a complaint. Both losing Commissioners, however, issued strongly-worded dissents.
ARTISTS PROTEST PHILIP MORRIS SPONSORSHIP
New York, NY. October 20, 1995. 11 artists hung protests against their sponsor, Philip Morris, next to their works at an exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Art.
Next to the works of 10 of the 55 artists in "1965-1975: Reconsidering the Object of Art," is a copy of the catalog's first page, with Philip Morris' name circled. A statement was added: "As much as we agree with this particular exhibition, we disagree with this particular sponsor."
The statement is signed by 10 of the artists, including Sol LeWitt, Daniel Buren, Michael Asler, Douglas Huebler, Robert Barry and John Knight.
Another artist, Hans Haacke, who has some fame as a protester of Philip Morris--especially in its support of Senator Jesse Helms--expressed his feelings in a more personal fashion: next to his work is a letter in which he criticizes the company, and addresses the dangers of smoking.
Philip Morris issued a formal statement about the event which read, "Contemporary art explores and reflects current issues and ideas, some of which may be controversial. Philip Morris remains firmly committed to supporting the artistic vanguard."
And the museum's director said, "We let artists express themselves not only through their work but also through their beliefs."
NEW WEB SITES
THE FUNNY PAGES
I just heard the latest medical research shows that smoking 3 packs a day is good for your heart. I know it's true--I saw it on CBS news.
--David Letterman, November 20, 1995***********************
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